当地时间5月14日，美国政府发布对华加征301关税四年期复审结果，宣布在原有对华301关税基础上，进一步提高对自华进口的电动汽车、锂电池等多种产品的关税，这是美国政府近年来罕见对华“下狠手”。

B |     With Boris Johnson’s premiership rocked by shock resignations of his Health Secretary Sajid Javid and Chancellor Rishi Sunak amid the latest damning scandal, Tory rebels have seen their hopes of toppling the Prime Minister fueled anew. While there was no indication from Johnson on Tuesday night that he intended to quit, as he carried out a speedy Cabinet reshuffle, a leadership contest appeared to be looming on the horizon. This has unleashed speculation regarding who could be in the running to replace the PM.,Rishi Sunak,The ex-Chancellor is tipped by many as the favourite to succeed Johnson as a future leader of the Conservative Party.,At one point Rishi Sunak was top of the regular chart compiled by the ConservativeHome website.,However, his reputation was dealt a severe blow earlier this year by backlash over his billionaire heiress wife Akshata Murty’s non-domicile tax status, albeit there was no suggestion she had broken any rules.,Rishi Sunak Tumbles to Bottom of Tory Popularity Ranks Amid Wife’s Taxes & US Green Card Controversy25 April, 13:50 GMT,Furthermore, Sunak faced questions over keeping his US green card even after taking up the key job of Chancellor at No11. At the time, Sunak slipped to the bottom of the April chart compiled by the ConservativeHome website.,Nevertheless, the Conservative Party membership has overall approved of Sunak, dubbed the “low-tax chancellor”, suggested UK media outlets. Some analysts suggest his approval rating with the public has increased again this month amid measures implemented to support Britons through the cost of living crisis. Others have pointed to criticism of his perceived slow reaction to rising energy bills and insufficient help to the poorest households.,Rishi Sunak remains in the top five MPs most likely to take over from Johnson, with odds of 10/1 according to BetFair Exchange.,Penny Mordaunt,Penny Mordaunt, Minister of State for Trade Policy since 2021, had thrown her support behind Jeremy Hunt in the 2019 leadership election. After that she exited the Cabinet, but later became paymaster general in 2020. She was subsequently moved to the Department for International Trade.,© AP Photo / Kirsty WigglesworthIn this file photo dated Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2019, Government minister Penny Mordaunt leaves after a Cabinet meeting at Downing Street in London. The international development secretary, Mordaunt has been appointed to replace Gavin Williamson who was sacked Wednesday May 2, 2019, as U.K. defense chief. In this file photo dated Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2019, Government minister Penny Mordaunt leaves after a Cabinet meeting at Downing Street in London. The international development secretary, Mordaunt has been appointed to replace Gavin Williamson who was sacked Wednesday May 2, 2019, as U.K. defense chief. © AP Photo / Kirsty Wigglesworth,At times openly critical of government policy, on May 28, after the publication of the full Sue Gray report into “Partygate,” Mordaunt told the BBC that she was “angry” at Downing Street staff implicated in the row for blatantly ignoring pandemic rules while themselves blocking “reasonable requests to relax restrictions”.,Mordaunt is known to have said, regarding Johnson:,“I didn’t choose this prime minister, I didn’t support him in the leadership contest but he has always had my loyalty.",Penny Mordaunt is currently on odds of 6/1 on most of the major betting sites to replace Johnson.,Sajid Javid,Bromsgrove MP Sajid Javid’s odds appear to be on 19/1, according to various betting platforms. Javid was one of 10 Tory leadership challengers in 2019. He then held the position of UK Chancellor, resigning in February 2020 after Johnson ordered him to fire his team of aides, saying "no self-respecting minister" could accept such a condition. He was brought back into Boris Johnson’s cabinet as Health Secretary in summer 2021, after COVID-19 restrictions were lifted.,© AP Photo / Toby MelvilleBritain's former Health Secretary Sajid Javid speaks during a media briefing in Downing Street, London, Oct. 20, 2021. Britain's former Health Secretary Sajid Javid speaks during a media briefing in Downing Street, London, Oct. 20, 2021. © AP Photo / Toby Melville,Back when he threw his hat in the ring for the 2019 Tory leadership contest, Javid proposed cutting the top rate of income tax. More recently, he was reportedly among those against a windfall tax on oil and gas producers – a stance that might help boost his chances.,On June 6, Sajid Javid stressed his loyalty to the PM amid the “Partygate” row, saying a confidence vote was an “opportunity... to draw a line under all this”.,Jeremy Hunt,Jeremy Hunt, the former Health Secretary who also served as Foreign Secretary, lost to Johnson in the final round of the 2019 Conservative leadership contest. Since then he has been highly critical of the government.,© AFP 2022 / STEFAN ROUSSEAULeadership contender Jeremy Hunt (L) shakes hands to congratulate new Conservative Party leader and incoming prime minister Boris Johnson (R) as the results of the leadership contest are announced at an event in central London on July 23, 2019Leadership contender Jeremy Hunt (L) shakes hands to congratulate new Conservative Party leader and incoming prime minister Boris Johnson (R) as the results of the leadership contest are announced at an event in central London on July 23, 2019© AFP 2022 / STEFAN ROUSSEAU,As chairman of the Health and Social Care Select Committee, he excoriated Johnson’s team for its response to the pandemic. Maintaining a visible profile, he has been giving interviews to outlets, touting his new book and reflecting on the future of the Conservative Party. Thus, he recently warned that the Tories have a "big mountain to climb" if they hope to win the next general election amid fallout from the “Partygate” scandal.,'He's Definitely Running': Jeremy Hunt 'Testing The Waters' To Stand As PM If BoJo Is Ousted1 May, 05:38 GMT,Earlier this month, Hunt told The Times magazine now was not the “right time” for a leadership challenge, but he would “be very open with you that I don’t rule out a return in the future”.,Jeremy Hunt is on odds of 8/1 to take over Tory leadership.,Liz Truss,The Foreign Secretary and MP for South West Norfolk, Liz Truss, has been touted as possible Tory leader at odds of 8/1. “Fizz with Liz” has been a phrase associated with Truss amid reports earlier this year that she hosted MPs in her parliamentary office to allegedly recruit possible backers for a leadership challenge to Johnson.,While securing a series of mini trade deals during her tenure as Trade Secretary, her threats to overwrite parts of the controversial Northern Ireland protocol as well as her sanctions response to Russia over its special military operation in Ukraine reportedly found favour with some Conservative backbenchers. Critics purportedly find Truss’s harsh rhetoric on the NI protocol distasteful.,© Photo : NATO Battlegroup Estonia/facebookLiz TrussLiz Truss© Photo : NATO Battlegroup Estonia/facebook,When questioned recently about the prospect of her own bid to become PM, Truss insisted that Johnson retained her “100 per cent” confidence.,While never confirming she intended to run for leadership, she is known to often pose for choreographed social media posts, such as posing in a tank like Margaret Thatcher.,Nadhim Zahawi,The Education Secretary and MP for Stratford-on-Avon, Nadhim Zahawi, is currently at 12/1 odds to take over Tory premiership.,Zahawi, the vaccines minister during the coronavirus pandemic before being promoted to his current position, is noted for unveiling an education White Paper earlier in the year. Coming in the wake of exams mayhem overseen by his predecessor, Gavin Williamson, the government’s vision for schools for the next eight years was given a ‘muted’ response. “Not much to object to, little to inspire, and inadequate funding to achieve any of its stated ambitions,” one source in the education sector was cited as saying at he time.,© Photo : SJA Tory MP James Gray, Nadhim Zahawi and SJA chief exec Martin Houghton-Brown at the eventTory MP James Gray, Nadhim Zahawi and SJA chief exec Martin Houghton-Brown at the event© Photo : SJA,Zahawi has also been an adamant backer of the current government’s “levelling up” agenda with his renewed focus on standards in schools and the multi-academy trust policy.,Zahawi has also vehemently defended Johnson in multiple media appearances throughout the “Partygate” row.,Ben Wallace,Ben Wallace, the Defence Secretary who served in the Scots Guards, has drummed up kudos for his part in the UK’s response to Russia’s special operation to demilitarize Ukraine. His odds are seen as vying for second place with Hunt and Truss on 8/1.,Wallace is believed to have won aficionados among Tory MPs who pressed for the UK to increase its defence spending, despite cuts to the size of the army remaining a niggling cause for concern.,© AP Photo / Alex BrandonThe United Kingdom Secretary of State for Defense Ben Wallace speaks during a meeting with Secretary of Defense Lloyd AustinThe United Kingdom Secretary of State for Defense Ben Wallace speaks during a meeting with Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin© AP Photo / Alex Brandon,Ben Wallace has played down any speculation of his perceived interest in the Tory leadership.,Tom Tugendhat,MP for Tonbridge and Malling Tom Tugendhat is on odds of 11/1, according to some platforms.,Notably, the chair of the Foreign Affairs committee, who has been strongly critical of Boris Johnson throughout his premiership, became the first Tory MP in January to announce his intention to stand for leader should the PM quit office.,“I think I’m making it pretty clear that I think that it’s up to all of us to put ourselves forward. And it’s up to the electorate, in the first case parliamentary colleagues, and in the second case the party, to choose. I think it’s a position of absolute integrity to say that of course you should offer yourself to the electorate if you think you can do it. Of course you should talk to colleagues and see if you can get a group together, and if you can get a group together you should go for it,” he had stated.,Priti Patel,Home Secretary Priti Patel has introduced a points-based immigration system and was the architect of the controversial Channel migrant deal with Rwanda, which would see illegals sent to the African country for processing. The agreement placed her in the crosshairs of numerous human rights groups. However, the deal has been touted as capable of solving he migrant problem plaguing the government.,Priti Patel's Reported 'League Table of Nations' for Migrant Deportation Ripped as 'Unhinged'Yesterday, 17:26 GMT,Patel was the last member of the Cabinet to confirm her support for Johnson on Monday amid the latest scandal, with her spokesman saying the Home Secretary continued to give her full backing to the PM.,Dominic Raab,Dominic Raab, the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary, who also served as Foreign Secretary under Boris Johnson, had run against the current PM in the 2019 Conservative election, making it to third round and finishing sixth after rising through the ranks as a Brexiteer.,© AP Photo / Toby MelvilleIn this Thursday, Sept. 1, 2020 file photo, Britain's Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab arrives to attend a cabinet meeting of senior government ministers at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office FCO in London.In this Thursday, Sept. 1, 2020 file photo, Britain's Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab arrives to attend a cabinet meeting of senior government ministers at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office FCO in London.© AP Photo / Toby Melville,Raab gained praise after his deputising stint for Johnson when the PM was hospitalised with COVID-19 in 2020. However, in the wake of the ‘botched’ NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan, Raab came under fire for holidaying in Crete while the Afghan government collapsed, and delegating tasks to junior ministers. He was, accordingly moved from being Foreign Secretary.,A spate of tough reforms aimed at ‘clamping down’ on “wokery” in the legal and prison systems were introduced during his time as Justice Secretary.,Raab has publicly urged the public to forgive the Prime Minister over the “Partygate” scandal.,His leadership odds are at approximately at 28/1.,Boris Johnson ‘On the Brink’,The latest wave of cabinet resignations came in the wake of the Prime Minister attempting to draw a line under the latest scandal to rock no 10. Boris Johnson had been giving an interview admitting he should not have appointed now-suspended Tory MP Chris Pincher as deputy chief whip in February after claims the MP groped two men at a private club on June 30.,With No 10 appearing to tie itself into knots trying to explain why Pincher was ever given a key government position in the first place, considering a slew of damning previous sexual misconduct allegations regarding Pincher, both the opposition Labour Party and the rebel Tories have hike up demands for Johnson to step down.,Boris Johnson ‘Vows to Carry On’ After Sunak, Javid ‘Shell-Shock' Exits Prompt Emergency Reshuffle05:54 GMT,The PM’s position appears increasingly shaky amid reports of a plot to use elections to the influential 1922 Committee’s executive to alter the Tory party rules. Currently, they grant Johnson 12-months' immunity from another leadership challenge. But considering he survived a no confidence vote on June 6 with 41% of his party voting to oust him over the so-called “Partygate” row, his position now appears even more shaky.。外媒报道分析称，在选举的节点上，美方试图一次来彰显强势，为拜登的选举拉票。这也意味着拜登政府将继续保留美国前任总统特朗普时期实施的关税政策，并不像他之前所说的降低关税。

有加税就有利益损失者，这次美国对中国的加税行动。最大的损失方是美国内的经销商和小企业；之前很多公司将中国的光伏产品进口到美国，组装成为成品在美国国内出售，折合起来利润也不大。这次拜登政府横插一脚阻断了美国企业的利益，势必让他们丢失选票。就像去年告诉英特尔公司“以国家利益为主”一样，今年白宫官员的说法又是老一套：小企业能否从中国赚钱区别不大，关键的是美国不能发生结构性问题，所以其他企业都要让路。

16日，白宫国家经济委员会主任莱尔·布雷纳德当天对美国民众做出“交代”，她表示中国在某些行业的工业产能和出口规模如此之大，可能会破坏在美投资的可行性，这是非常危险的一步。布雷纳德在智库“美国进步中心”表示，美国应该吸取教训，不可能有第二次来自中国的冲击。要知道一个问题是：中国太大了，他们管不住自己按照规则来办事情，为了防止某些事情的发生，美国需要先人一步做出选择，这并非是故意的。

这里白宫官员所说的“第一次教训”指的就是中国加入WTO，成为美国的最惠国，这件事让美方颇为后悔。2023年美国会议员还表示他们当年统一WTO接纳了中国，对中方开放贸易，结果就是数十年后中国的制造业成为美国的“心腹大患”，中国的贸易冲击使美国制造业就业人数减少，很多行业甚至已经过不下去了。

C | 所以美方颇为后悔当年给中国一个“机会”，这种论调完全是给美国当前的困境开脱——经济不行就责怪是因为中国作梗，完全的有罪推理。

值得一提的还有，白宫官员还表示现在他们面临一个新的麻烦：由中国政策驱动的产能过剩和出口激增的新周期，未来很久都要影响到美国国家的生产力，这是肯定的事情。也就是说美国将未来的账也都算到了中国头上，美国扬言将与墨西哥一起合作，和亚洲多个国家合作，总之就是要避免和中国合作。

D | 对此有评论称：“一个正常的世界价值锚点，理应由工业国，资源和农业出口国决定，而不应该由一个动辄破坏世界规则的国家来控制；WTO程序从一开始是美国提倡的，现在他们玩不过了，又开始想推倒重来。

E | ”